Top 10 Linux Commands That Everyone Should Know
Linux is one of the most popular operating systems, It’s powering everything from servers to smartphones. Unlike other operating systems, Most Linux operating systems often rely on commands to interact with the system. Because of this reason still most people really don’t like to use Linux as their primary OS. But did you know the cool part “Once you learn the basics, Linux must be the most comfortable and user-friendly os for you.
So how could I able to learn Linux? Don’t you worry In this guide, I’ll walk through 10 essential Linux commands that every user should know. Whether you’re just starting with Linux or want to refresh your skills, this article will help you navigate the Linux terminal confidently.
What Are Linux Commands?
Linux commands are text-based instructions that allow you to perform tasks on your computer. They’re entered into the terminal, which acts as a direct communication line between you and the system.
For example, instead of opening a file manager to check your files, you can type ls to see a list of files instantly. These commands are lightweight, fast, and powerful, making them essential for beginners and professionals alike.
Why Are Linux Commands Important?
Here’s why learning Linux commands is worth your time:
- Efficiency: Commands are faster than navigating through menus.
- Versatility: Commands let you perform advanced tasks that aren’t possible through graphical interfaces.
- Control: You gain complete control over your system.
- Troubleshooting: Many issues in Linux are resolved using the terminal.
Understanding the Linux Terminal
Before diving into commands, let’s quickly understand the terminal:
- Opening the Terminal: Press
Ctrl + Alt + Tor search for “Terminal” in your Linux distribution. - Structure of a Command:cssCopyEdit
command [options] [arguments]command: The task you want to perform.options: Flags to modify how the command behaves (e.g.,-lfor detailed output).arguments: The target of the command (e.g., a file or directory).
Top 10 Linux Commands (Detailed Guide)
Here’s a detailed look at the 10 most useful Linux commands:
1. ls (List Files and Folders)
Description: Displays all files and folders in the current directory.
Options to Try:
ls -l: Shows detailed information, like file size and permissions.ls -a: Displays hidden files as well.
Example:
ls -l
Output:
You’ll see a list of files with details like permissions, file size, and modification date.
Why It’s Useful: Helps you quickly view the contents of a folder.
2. cd (Change Directory)
Description: Lets you move between folders.
Examples:
cd /home/user/Documents: Moves to the Documents folder.cd ..: Goes one folder up.cd ~: Moves to your home directory.
Why It’s Useful: Saves time when navigating through the file system.
3. pwd (Print Working Directory)
Description: Displays your current location in the file system.
Example:
pwd
Output:
You’ll see the full path of the directory you’re in, like /home/user/Documents.
4. mkdir (Make Directory)
Description: Create a new folder.
Examples:
mkdir projects: Creates a folder called “projects.”mkdir -p folder/subfolder: Creates a folder with subfolders in one step.
Why It’s Useful: Quickly organize your files by creating directories.
5. rm (Remove Files or Folders)
Description: Deletes files or directories.
Examples:
rm file.txt: Deletes a file.rm -r folder: Deletes a folder and its contents.
Caution: This action is irreversible, so double-check before using it!
6. cp (Copy Files)
Description: Copies files or folders.
Examples:
cp file.txt backup/: Copies “file.txt” to the “backup” folder.cp -r folder1 folder2: Copies all files from one folder to another.
Why It’s Useful: Helps you back up important files.
7. mv (Move or Rename Files)
Description: Moves or renames files and folders.
Examples:
mv file.txt newfile.txt: Renames “file.txt” to “newfile.txt.”mv file.txt backup/: Moves “file.txt” to the “backup” folder.
Why It’s Useful: Simplifies organizing and renaming files.
8. cat (View File Contents)
Description: Displays the content of a file.
Examples:
cat file.txt: Shows the text inside “file.txt.”cat file1.txt file2.txt: Combines and displays content from both files.
Why It’s Useful: Quickly check what’s inside a file without opening it in an editor.
9. chmod (Change File Permissions)
Description: Modifies who can read, write, or execute a file.
Examples:
chmod 755 script.sh: Grants read, write, and execute permissions to the owner and read/execute to others.chmod +x file.sh: Makes a file executable.
Why It’s Useful: Ensures your files are secure.
Read our latest article: How to Create a Sudo User in CentOS Linux
10. man (Manual Pages)
Description: Displays the manual for any command.
Examples:
man ls: Shows all the options for thelscommand.man chmod: Explains how to usechmod.
Why It’s Useful: Learn more about any command directly in the terminal.
If you want to learn more about Linux man pages here follow the Linux man pages online website. This guide contains all Linux man pages and it is freely available for anyone.
Pro Tips for Using Linux Commands
- Start Small: Focus on one or two commands a day.
- Experiment Safely: Use a virtual machine to practice without worrying about mistakes.
- Keep Learning: Bookmark online resources for advanced topics.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How do I practice Linux commands without breaking my system?
A: Use a virtual machine or a cloud-based Linux environment to practice.
Q: Can I undo a command?
A: Some commands, like rm, are irreversible, so use them carefully.
Q: Are commands the same in all Linux distributions?
A: Yes, these basic commands work across most Linux distributions like Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian.
Conclusion
Mastering these 10 Linux commands will make your experience with Linux much easier and more efficient. Start practicing today and explore how powerful the Linux terminal can be. Once you’re comfortable with the basics, you’ll be ready to dive into more advanced tasks.
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